1. Evolution of Human civilization. Early man was essentially a hunter and fisherman. He started gathering edible parts of plants like roots, huts, berries, etc. seeds of the edible plants were thrown near human dwellings. Some of the seeds germinated. This gave the early man the idea of agriculture. With development of agriculture, man started living in communities. Thus arose the first civilization.
2. Fundamental Source of Food. All animals, including man, are dependent directly or indirectly on plants for their food supply. This is due to the reason that plants alone can manufacture organic food from inorganic raw materials by the process of photosynthesis. Human beings get a number of food materials directly from plants, e.g., cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, edible oils, sugar, etc.
3. Textiles. Cotton and line (from flax) form an important clothing material as more than 50% of clothes are made from them. Canvas, cordage, mats, gunny bags, etc. are obtained from Sann-hemp (vern-Sanai), jute and coconut (vern. Nariwal). The animal textiles like wool and silk indirectly come from plants because the animals textiles like wool and silk indirectly come from plants because the animals which produce them depends upon plants for their existence.
4. Shelter. In hills, far off island and earthquake areas, houses and entirely made up of wood. In other places wood is used in providing the necessary fitments in the modern building. The body of trucks and some other vehicles is also made of wood.
5. Fuel. Almost all sources of fuel (expect some source of electricity) come from the plants, i.e., fire-wood, coal, petroleum, etc. The latter two have been formed from the plants of the past under the influence of heat and pressure in the interior of the earth.
6. Disease. The majority of human, animal and plants disease are caused by bacteria and fungi, both of which are plants, e.g., tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera, ringworm, potato blight, etc. Such organisms are known as parasites. The diseases-producing parasitic are described as pathogens. The pathogens cause diseases either by eating away the host cells or producing poisonous substances.
7. Drugs. Substances which can cure diseases are called drugs. Only few a drugs are produced synthetically or obtained from sources other than plants. The various plants parts like roots, leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, etc. yield drugs. Some bacteria and fungi give antibiotic drugs which can cure several diseases caused by pathogens, e.g., penicillin, streptomycin, chloromycetin, terramycin.
8. Purification of Air. Oxygen is being constantly consumed and carbon dioxide added to the air due to respiration of organisms and burning of fuel. Excess of carbon dioxide is poisonous. It is taken up by the plants and changed into organic food in the process of photosynthesis. Oxygen is evolved as by-product. In this way, plants keep the percentage of carbon dioxide and oxygen constant in air. Water plants (e.g., Hydrilla, Ceratophyllum) are grown in aquaria for this purpose.
9. Trapping solar Energy. Solar radiations are a vest source of energy but we are unable to trap the same in a big way by any artificial method. Plants absorb a part of this solar energy and convert it into chemical energy which is stored in the organic compounds. The various life function of plants and other living beings and the working of many of our machines depend upon this chemical energy stored by the plants.
10. Scavengers. Some plants which cannot manufacture their own food get ready-made food from the dead bodies of other organisms. Such plants are saprophytes, e.g., many bacteria and fungi. The saprophytes break down the dead bodies of organisms. They cleanse the earth and create space for new generation of organisms. Thus they act like Nature’s scavengers.
11. Circulation of Raw Materials. The breakdown of organic matter by saprophytes releases the raw materials which can be re-used by green plants for the synthesis of new organic matter.
12. Minerals. At many places the deposits of silica, lime, iron, sulphur other minerals have been formed by metabolic activities of plants like diatoms, chara, bacteria, etc.
13. Soil Fertility. The saprophytic plants return raw materials to soil. Some bacteria and blue-green algae change the gaseous nitrogen into organic compounds. The process is called nitrogen fixation. There are others which destroy soil fertility by the process of denitrification, desulphurification, etc.
14. Soil Binders. The roots of the plants hold the soil particles firmly. Shoots of the plants protected the soil from direct action of rain and wind. Soil absorption also increases. Therefore, a good plant cover checks floods, prevent soil erosion and allows continuous supply of water.
15. Comfort. Plants are used for making many articles of daily use that provide comfort and enjoyment to human beings, e.g., furniture, walking sticks, playing articles, etc.
16. Other plants product. Many useful products are obtained from plants, e.g., paper, rubber, cork, resins, gums, perfumes, dyes, spices, beverages (tea, coffee, cocoa, wine, beer, etc), soaps, paints, etc. Several other useful products (e.g., perfumes, dyes, tar, fertilizers, etc.) are obtained from petroleum and coal, both of which are considered to be derived from plants of the past.
17. Profession. About fifty percent of the working population of the world is employed in industries and institutions connected with obtaining and processing useful plants products, e.g., agriculture, horticultures, floriculture, forestry, bakeries, oil industry, natural resin industry, rubber industry, tea, coffee and cocoa industries, textiles, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.
18. Research. A number of plants are employed for carrying research on various aspect like genetics (fungus Neurospora), cytology (alga Actabularia) and photosynthesis (alga Chlorella)
19. Aesthetic Value. Plants have received the admiration of young and old for their loving, enchanting and beautiful colours, the sweet pleasing and soothing scents and the landscapes they produce. They have stimulated the imagination of poets, artists and designers. It is because of their aesthetic value that the plants are grown to beautify our surrounding by growing grass lawns, flower beds, potted plants, veins and trees.
2. Fundamental Source of Food. All animals, including man, are dependent directly or indirectly on plants for their food supply. This is due to the reason that plants alone can manufacture organic food from inorganic raw materials by the process of photosynthesis. Human beings get a number of food materials directly from plants, e.g., cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, edible oils, sugar, etc.
3. Textiles. Cotton and line (from flax) form an important clothing material as more than 50% of clothes are made from them. Canvas, cordage, mats, gunny bags, etc. are obtained from Sann-hemp (vern-Sanai), jute and coconut (vern. Nariwal). The animal textiles like wool and silk indirectly come from plants because the animals textiles like wool and silk indirectly come from plants because the animals which produce them depends upon plants for their existence.
4. Shelter. In hills, far off island and earthquake areas, houses and entirely made up of wood. In other places wood is used in providing the necessary fitments in the modern building. The body of trucks and some other vehicles is also made of wood.
5. Fuel. Almost all sources of fuel (expect some source of electricity) come from the plants, i.e., fire-wood, coal, petroleum, etc. The latter two have been formed from the plants of the past under the influence of heat and pressure in the interior of the earth.
6. Disease. The majority of human, animal and plants disease are caused by bacteria and fungi, both of which are plants, e.g., tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera, ringworm, potato blight, etc. Such organisms are known as parasites. The diseases-producing parasitic are described as pathogens. The pathogens cause diseases either by eating away the host cells or producing poisonous substances.
7. Drugs. Substances which can cure diseases are called drugs. Only few a drugs are produced synthetically or obtained from sources other than plants. The various plants parts like roots, leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, etc. yield drugs. Some bacteria and fungi give antibiotic drugs which can cure several diseases caused by pathogens, e.g., penicillin, streptomycin, chloromycetin, terramycin.
8. Purification of Air. Oxygen is being constantly consumed and carbon dioxide added to the air due to respiration of organisms and burning of fuel. Excess of carbon dioxide is poisonous. It is taken up by the plants and changed into organic food in the process of photosynthesis. Oxygen is evolved as by-product. In this way, plants keep the percentage of carbon dioxide and oxygen constant in air. Water plants (e.g., Hydrilla, Ceratophyllum) are grown in aquaria for this purpose.
9. Trapping solar Energy. Solar radiations are a vest source of energy but we are unable to trap the same in a big way by any artificial method. Plants absorb a part of this solar energy and convert it into chemical energy which is stored in the organic compounds. The various life function of plants and other living beings and the working of many of our machines depend upon this chemical energy stored by the plants.
10. Scavengers. Some plants which cannot manufacture their own food get ready-made food from the dead bodies of other organisms. Such plants are saprophytes, e.g., many bacteria and fungi. The saprophytes break down the dead bodies of organisms. They cleanse the earth and create space for new generation of organisms. Thus they act like Nature’s scavengers.
11. Circulation of Raw Materials. The breakdown of organic matter by saprophytes releases the raw materials which can be re-used by green plants for the synthesis of new organic matter.
12. Minerals. At many places the deposits of silica, lime, iron, sulphur other minerals have been formed by metabolic activities of plants like diatoms, chara, bacteria, etc.
13. Soil Fertility. The saprophytic plants return raw materials to soil. Some bacteria and blue-green algae change the gaseous nitrogen into organic compounds. The process is called nitrogen fixation. There are others which destroy soil fertility by the process of denitrification, desulphurification, etc.
14. Soil Binders. The roots of the plants hold the soil particles firmly. Shoots of the plants protected the soil from direct action of rain and wind. Soil absorption also increases. Therefore, a good plant cover checks floods, prevent soil erosion and allows continuous supply of water.
15. Comfort. Plants are used for making many articles of daily use that provide comfort and enjoyment to human beings, e.g., furniture, walking sticks, playing articles, etc.
16. Other plants product. Many useful products are obtained from plants, e.g., paper, rubber, cork, resins, gums, perfumes, dyes, spices, beverages (tea, coffee, cocoa, wine, beer, etc), soaps, paints, etc. Several other useful products (e.g., perfumes, dyes, tar, fertilizers, etc.) are obtained from petroleum and coal, both of which are considered to be derived from plants of the past.
17. Profession. About fifty percent of the working population of the world is employed in industries and institutions connected with obtaining and processing useful plants products, e.g., agriculture, horticultures, floriculture, forestry, bakeries, oil industry, natural resin industry, rubber industry, tea, coffee and cocoa industries, textiles, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.
18. Research. A number of plants are employed for carrying research on various aspect like genetics (fungus Neurospora), cytology (alga Actabularia) and photosynthesis (alga Chlorella)
19. Aesthetic Value. Plants have received the admiration of young and old for their loving, enchanting and beautiful colours, the sweet pleasing and soothing scents and the landscapes they produce. They have stimulated the imagination of poets, artists and designers. It is because of their aesthetic value that the plants are grown to beautify our surrounding by growing grass lawns, flower beds, potted plants, veins and trees.
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